THE CHIEF LEADER – Rule Nassau Can’t Set Time Limit On COs Trading Shifts

By MARK TOOR | Posted: Monday, February 25, 2013 5:00 pm

Nassau County cannot unilaterally restrict its Correction Officers from participating in shift swaps that occur more than three months apart, the Public Employment Relations Board ruled in a decision that the union’s lawyer said could signal a change in the way management-rights clauses are interpreted.

For more than 20 years, the county had a written policy allowing officers of the same rank to exchange shifts so they could work out preferred days off. But early in 2011, the county ordered that such shifts could not be separated by more than three months. An Administrative Law Judge found for the county, but the union appealed to the full board, which reversed the ruling Feb. 5.

‘Better for Agency, Too’

“Allowing Correction Officers to perform voluntary shift exchanges with other officers, and not limiting them to a short three-month-window period, frees up the officer to schedule more time off to spend with his family and loved ones throughout the year,” said John Jaronczyk, president of the Nassau County Sheriff’s Correction Officers Benevolent Association. “This is a huge morale boost for the COs, and it actually is a cost savings to the department since the officers are arranging their own shift exchanges, saving the Sheriff from having to pay costly overtime to replace the officer.”

An attorney for the union, Liam Castro of Isaacs, Devasia, Castro & Wien LLP, said this was a major victory for the union.

First, he said in an interview, “PERB overruled its own Administrative Law Judge, which I think is always remarkable.”

Second, he said, the board went against a trend in which management-rights clauses are interpreted broadly to give managers more power. The county argued that because the contract included no language on shift exchanges, and swapping of shifts is a mandatory subject for negotiation, the union had no right to object to the new restrictions.

‘A Clear Distinction’

But according to the PERB ruling, when the management-rights clause is read in conjunction with other language concerning shifts, “it is not reasonably clear that the management-rights section was intended to apply to employee shifts or shift exchanges between [union] employees. To the contrary, the agreement demonstrates that the parties have drawn a clear distinction between the county’s right to regulate work schedules and the applicable procedures and rights relating to employee shifts.”

PERB decided that in the absence of clearer language, the county could not make changes that touch on a mandatory subject of bargaining without negotiating with the union.

“The management-rights clause has been read more broadly than it should have been in other cases,” Mr. Castro said. “The Administrative Law Judge’s ruling is an example of this…We think this decision is the beginning of stopping that.”

“The county is appealing PERB’s decision,” said Elizabeth J. Loconsolo, a spokeswoman for the Nassau County Correctional Center. The appeal will be handled by State Supreme Court.

Mr. Jaronczyk said morale among COs “is at an all-time low.” He told THE CHIEF-LEADER this was because the state control board overseeing Nassau County’s finances had frozen public employees’ salaries since 2011, meaning some COs hired around that time have been stuck at $30,000. A Federal Judge recently ruled in a suit filed by three police unions that the control board did not have the authority to freeze wages, but he stayed any change in pay until the county could appeal.

THE CHIEF-LEADER COBA Head Furious Over High Bail Set For CO in Shooting

By MARK TOOR

The head of the Correction Officers Benevolent Association expressed outrage last week over the $2-million bail set by a Criminal Court Judge for a CO charged with shooting his girlfriend’s ex-boyfriend.

“Never in my 20-plus years in law enforcement have I ever seen or witnessed such an outrageous miscarriage of justice in administering bail for someone accused of a crime who is a law-enforcement officer, sworn to uphold the Constitution of the State of New York,” said COBA President Norman Seabrook.

Wants Cuomo Involved

He called for action from Governor Cuomo, State Chief Judge Jonathan Lippman and Brooklyn District Attorney Charles J. Hynes.

Dale Moore, 32, who has worked for the Department of Correction for four years, was charged with attempted murder and first-degree assault after the shooting, which occurred while he was off-duty around 1 p.m. Jan. 8 in East Flatbush, Brooklyn. Some news reports characterized the situation as a love triangle.

Mr. Moore was riding in a Mercedes with his girlfriend, Correction Capt. Shalonda Smith, 36, when they encountered her former boyfriend, Kai Gates, 34, in his Cadillac SUV, according to reports. All three got out of their cars. A law-enforcement source told the New York Post that Mr. Moore warned Mr. Gates, “Don’t come any closer!” When he continued to move forward, Mr. Moore allegedly shot him twice. Authorities said Mr. Gates was unarmed. He remained hospitalized last week.

Correction Officers are permitted to carry guns but may not wear them in the jails.

Judge Sharen D. Hudson set bail at Mr. Moore’s arraignment. She was elected to Kings County Civil Court in 2011. Under the law, bail is not supposed to be a punishment for the accusation of a crime, but merely a way of ensuring that the defendant shows up in court.

Why It’s Excessive

Mr. Seabrook noted that Mr. Moore had “no criminal history, no criminal convictions, has ties to the community, was born and bred here and is authorized under the Constitution of the State of New York to possess a weapon and to protect himself after dealing with some of the most-violent individuals in the jail system, acting in self-defense and fearing for the security of his life and everyone around him.”

“A typical bail in these circumstances would be around $100,000,” said Michelle Esquenazi, president of the New York Association of Bail Bond Agents. She said that to get out of jail on $2 million bail a defendant would have to pay a bail bondsman a non-refundable fee of $150,000.

Mr. Seabrook said, “Every single day we witness these teenage terrorists who hold our communities, families and friends hostage with their illegal weapons and their disregard for public safety, including Correction Officers, EMS officers and you, the public. Yet the bail amount for these terrorists is set at a minimal amount of money, thereby enabling them to continue to destroy our city… If you count all the dead, innocent children who have been shot by their assailants in the city over the last year, those bail amounts don’t add up to $2 million.”

Calls for Special Judge

He called for Judge Hudson to be reprimanded. But that’s not all, he said, adding, “We are calling on Governor Cuomo and Chief Judge Jonathan Lippman to appoint an independent judge to deal with any further cases involving law-enforcement officers.”

David Bookstaver, a spokesman for the state Office of Court Administration, responded, “That suggestion implies that somehow law-enforcement officers should get special treatment when charged with a crime. The concept simply doesn’t make sense.”

Mr. Seabrook continued, “I’m also calling on DA Charles J. Hynes to re-evaluate the Assistant District Attorneys in his office on cases where Correction Officers are allegedly accused of a crime.”

Mr. Hynes responded, “In all cases involving homicide we oppose bail and request a remand. In this case when the defendant was arraigned, the unarmed victim, who according to three witnesses was shot twice by the defendant, was not expected to live. Our application for remand under these circumstances was completely appropriate. Judge Hudson refused our request and set $2-million bail.

“We have been informed that the victim’s condition has changed and he is likely to live. I would assume that the defendant’s attorney will make an application to review the bail conditions and at that time we will take a position on bail that we deem appropriate.”

UPDATE: New Judge Cuts Bail to $150,000

A second judge reduced bail for Correction Officer Dale Moore from $2 million to $150,000. More than 60 members of the Correction Officers Benevolent Association showed up in the courtroom at the hearing Jan. 11 to demonstrate support for Mr. Moore.

“This was the right decision that Kings County State Supreme Court Judge Sheryl L. Parker ordered in this matter,” COBA President Norman Seabrook said after the ruling. “As you have often heard me say—and it is an indisputable fact—even accused terrorists do not get slapped with a $2-million bail. This should never have happened in the first place.”

He commended Justice Parker for “her reasonable approach to the law” and thanked Mr. Moore’s attorney, Steven Isaacs of Isaacs, Devasia, Castro & Wien LLP.

THE CHIEF – Isaacs, Devasia, Castro & Wien LLP Partner Steven Isaacs In The Chief-Leader

THE CHIEF-LEADER COBA Head Furious Over High Bail Set For CO in Shooting
Posted: Monday, January 14, 2013 5:00 pm | Updated: 10:17 am, Tue Jan 15, 2013.

By MARK TOOR


The head of the Correction Officers Benevolent Association expressed outrage last week over the $2-million bail set by a Criminal Court Judge for a CO charged with shooting his girlfriend’s ex-boyfriend.

“Never in my 20-plus years in law enforcement have I ever seen or witnessed such an outrageous miscarriage of justice in administering bail for someone accused of a crime who is a law-enforcement officer, sworn to uphold the Constitution of the State of New York,” said COBA President Norman Seabrook.

Wants Cuomo Involved

He called for action from Governor Cuomo, State Chief Judge Jonathan Lippman and Brooklyn District Attorney Charles J. Hynes.

Dale Moore, 32, who has worked for the Department of Correction for four years, was charged with attempted murder and first-degree assault after the shooting, which occurred while he was off-duty around 1 p.m. Jan. 8 in East Flatbush, Brooklyn. Some news reports characterized the situation as a love triangle.

Mr. Moore was riding in a Mercedes with his girlfriend, Correction Capt. Shalonda Smith, 36, when they encountered her former boyfriend, Kai Gates, 34, in his Cadillac SUV, according to reports. All three got out of their cars. A law-enforcement source told the New York Post that Mr. Moore warned Mr. Gates, “Don’t come any closer!” When he continued to move forward, Mr. Moore allegedly shot him twice. Authorities said Mr. Gates was unarmed. He remained hospitalized last week.

Correction Officers are permitted to carry guns but may not wear them in the jails.

Judge Sharen D. Hudson set bail at Mr. Moore’s arraignment. She was elected to Kings County Civil Court in 2011. Under the law, bail is not supposed to be a punishment for the accusation of a crime, but merely a way of ensuring that the defendant shows up in court.

Why It’s Excessive

Mr. Seabrook noted that Mr. Moore had “no criminal history, no criminal convictions, has ties to the community, was born and bred here and is authorized under the Constitution of the State of New York to possess a weapon and to protect himself after dealing with some of the most-violent individuals in the jail system, acting in self-defense and fearing for the security of his life and everyone around him.”

“A typical bail in these circumstances would be around $100,000,” said Michelle Esquenazi, president of the New York Association of Bail Bond Agents. She said that to get out of jail on $2 million bail a defendant would have to pay a bail bondsman a non-refundable fee of $150,000.

Mr. Seabrook said, “Every single day we witness these teenage terrorists who hold our communities, families and friends hostage with their illegal weapons and their disregard for public safety, including Correction Officers, EMS officers and you, the public. Yet the bail amount for these terrorists is set at a minimal amount of money, thereby enabling them to continue to destroy our city… If you count all the dead, innocent children who have been shot by their assailants in the city over the last year, those bail amounts don’t add up to $2 million.”

Calls for Special Judge

He called for Judge Hudson to be reprimanded. But that’s not all, he said, adding, “We are calling on Governor Cuomo and Chief Judge Jonathan Lippman to appoint an independent judge to deal with any further cases involving law-enforcement officers.”

David Bookstaver, a spokesman for the state Office of Court Administration, responded, “That suggestion implies that somehow law-enforcement officers should get special treatment when charged with a crime. The concept simply doesn’t make sense.”

Mr. Seabrook continued, “I’m also calling on DA Charles J. Hynes to re-evaluate the Assistant District Attorneys in his office on cases where Correction Officers are allegedly accused of a crime.”

Mr. Hynes responded, “In all cases involving homicide we oppose bail and request a remand. In this case when the defendant was arraigned, the unarmed victim, who according to three witnesses was shot twice by the defendant, was not expected to live. Our application for remand under these circumstances was completely appropriate. Judge Hudson refused our request and set $2-million bail.

“We have been informed that the victim’s condition has changed and he is likely to live. I would assume that the defendant’s attorney will make an application to review the bail conditions and at that time we will take a position on bail that we deem appropriate.”

UPDATE: New Judge Cuts Bail to $150,000

A second judge reduced bail for Correction Officer Dale Moore from $2 million to $150,000. More than 60 members of the Correction Officers Benevolent Association showed up in the courtroom at the hearing Jan. 11 to demonstrate support for Mr. Moore.

“This was the right decision that Kings County State Supreme Court Judge Sheryl L. Parker ordered in this matter,” COBA President Norman Seabrook said after the ruling. “As you have often heard me say—and it is an indisputable fact—even accused terrorists do not get slapped with a $2-million bail. This should never have happened in the first place.”

He commended Justice Parker for “her reasonable approach to the law” and thanked Mr. Moore’s attorney, Steven Isaacs of Isaacs, Devasia, Castro & Wien LLP.

Isaacs, Devasia, Castro & Wien LLP Wins Legal Victory for Co. in Brooklyn Shooting Incident

With over 60 plus Correction Officers showing their support in the court room for fellow Correction Officer Dale Moore, the COBA along with their legal team, today successfully convinced a Kings County Supreme Court Justice to drastically reduce Officer Moore’s bail, which had been originally set at $2 million to $150,000.

Following the judge’s decision, Correction Officers’ Benevolent Association President Norman Seabrook said,”This was the right decision that Kings County State Supreme Court Judge Sheryl L. Parker ordered in this matter. As you have often heard me say and it is an indisputable fact, even accused terrorists do not get slapped with a $ 2 million dollar bail. This should never have happened in the first place.”

President Seabrook added, “I’d like to thank Judge Parker for her reasonable approach to the law. This is a prime example of the type of good judgment a justice should exercise in these types of matters involving law enforcement officers and I commend her for that. I’d also like to thank Officer Moore’s attorney Steven Isaacs, of Isaacs, Devasia, Castro & Wien LLP for his professional representation of Officer Moore in this case. COBA’s law firm Koehler and Isaacs has successfully represented thousands of Correction Officers for many years and for that we are truly grateful.”

Attorneys Working with Isaacs, Devasia, Castro & Wien LLP Recover $6.5 Million

Brazilian construction worker received compensation of $ 6.5 million in US

The accident occurred on January 26th, 2009, when M.V. settled wooden boards (plywood) on top of a 14 feet high ladder, in Long Island, NY

After crossing the Mexican border illegally eight years ago, the Brazilian immigrant M.V., who asked not to be identified, 42 years old, married, a native of the Vale do Rio Doce (MG), Brazil, residing in Newark (NJ), had his life again exposed to danger. On January 26th, 2009, when he was installing wooden boards (plywood) on top of a 14 feet tall ladder, strong winds pushed the board and threw him violently to the ground. The accident occurred during the construction of a house in the region of Long Island (NY).

After being treated by a rescue team, M.V. spent 8 months fighting for his life at the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. After 2 and half months in a coma, he was told by doctors that he had fractured his spine in several places, and thus losing the movement waist down. Once out of the hospital, he received medical care at the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Center in Livingston (NJ).

After more than two years fighting in the courts, M.V., represented by the law firm of Isaacs, Devasia, Castro & Wien LLP, based in Manhattan (NY), on September 29th, made a legal agreement with the insurers of the two contractors responsible for the construction and received the compensation of US$ 6.5 million. Certainly, that amount does not restore his health, but surely will ensure a comfortable and secure future for M.V. and his family in Brazil.

The also Brazilian, Ailton de Souza, representative of Isaacs, Devasia, Castro & Wien LLP in Brazil and USA, stressed the importance of consulting with qualified professionals citing an accident involving the same insurer. According Ailton, another worker also suffered an accident similar and fractured his spine, becoming quadriplegic (lost movement from the neck down). However, during the negotiations, his lawyers, who were not associated with the Isaacs, Devasia, Castro & Wien LLP, won the compensation of just US$ 1 million.

“It is very important to have a qualified professional who really fight for your rights, because it can make a big difference in the end,” said Souza.

After receiving M. V. compensation, M.V. plans to return to Brazil soon and take up residence in Governador Valadares (MG), where he will be closer to hospitals and medical services and also universities for his youngest daughter of 16 years old. Currently, he moves around with the aid of a wheelchair.

Do you have a family member who has recently been injured due to accident at work, car, subway or bus? Suffered physical harm resulting from medical errors and hospital negligence? If you need legal representation for these and other cases, call (973) 766-4792, (973) 551-5562 or (917) 551-1326 and contact a representative of Isaacs, Devasia, Castro & Wien LLP at no cost, unless you win the case or have an agreement made with the parties involved. Visit the website, in Portuguese: p.idcwlaw.com.

THE CHIEF – Isaacs, Devasia, Castro & Wien LLP Attorney Liam Castro Prevails in New York State Supreme Court

Judge to Westchester: Don’t Need Disability For 207-c Checks
By MARK TOOR | Posted: Monday, April 2, 2012 5:00 pm

A State Supreme Court judge told Westchester County last week that it had to pay salaries and medical benefits to injured Correction Officers without requiring them to prove they were disabled by their injuries.

The county had argued that the arbitrators’ awards in favor of the officers should be overturned because they did not say whether the officers had been disabled. It contended that the language of the law required that to collect salary and benefits under state law 207-c, an officer had to suffer not just an injury, but a disabling injury.

You must be logged in with the proper services to print this article.

‘A Novel Interpretation’

“This court disagrees with [the county’s] interpretation of the language,” Justice Sam D. Walker wrote in his March 27 decision. He said the county has “created a novel interpretation of both 207-c and the [contract] that is unsupported by judicial precedent.”

The cases involved three officers. Kali Nelson was injured when she was struck in the neck and back by objects thrown by unruly inmates. Vaughn Palmer developed back pain when he reached into a water panel to turn off running water in a cell. Jacques Kelly injured his back while helping other officers detain an unruly inmate.

“This was an attack on job-injury benefits that are statutorily and contractually provided to officers who are injured in the performance of their duties,” said Alonzo West, president of WCOBA. “The department had granting hundreds of 207-c claims without requiring the demonstration of a particular level of disability. Then all of a sudden, they decided to inject a new criteria and blatantly ignored a number of arbitration awards granting correction officers 207-c benefits. It is unfortunate that the County of Westchester thinks it can just ignore the collective-bargaining agreement, ignore arbitration awards and waste taxpayers’ money by engaging in baseless legal battles.”

The law firm that represented the Westchester Correction Officers Benevolent Association, Isaacs, Devasia, Castro & Wien LLP, said it was expecting a similar ruling in another case before Justice Walker that also involves 207-c benefits.

“For some reason the Department of Correction likes to think the parties’ collective-bargaining agreement is just a suggestion,” said Cynthia Devasia, a Isaacs, Devasia, Castro & Wien LLP attorney. “Time and time again, however, the courts and arbitrators have held otherwise. These are collectively-bargained rights and they cannot be trampled with.”

Judge to Westchester: Don’t Need Disability For 207-c Checks

By MARK TOOR | Posted: Monday, April 2, 2012 5:00 pm

A State Supreme Court judge told Westchester County last week that it had to pay salaries and medical benefits to injured Correction Officers without requiring them to prove they were disabled by their injuries.

The county had argued that the arbitrators’ awards in favor of the officers should be overturned because they did not say whether the officers had been disabled. It contended that the language of the law required that to collect salary and benefits under state law 207-c, an officer had to suffer not just an injury, but a disabling injury.

You must be logged in with the proper services to print this article.

‘A Novel Interpretation’

“This court disagrees with [the county’s] interpretation of the language,” Justice Sam D. Walker wrote in his March 27 decision. He said the county has “created a novel interpretation of both 207-c and the [contract] that is unsupported by judicial precedent.”

The cases involved three officers. Kali Nelson was injured when she was struck in the neck and back by objects thrown by unruly inmates. Vaughn Palmer developed back pain when he reached into a water panel to turn off running water in a cell. Jacques Kelly injured his back while helping other officers detain an unruly inmate.

“This was an attack on job-injury benefits that are statutorily and contractually provided to officers who are injured in the performance of their duties,” said Alonzo West, president of WCOBA. “The department had granting hundreds of 207-c claims without requiring the demonstration of a particular level of disability. Then all of a sudden, they decided to inject a new criteria and blatantly ignored a number of arbitration awards granting correction officers 207-c benefits. It is unfortunate that the County of Westchester thinks it can just ignore the collective-bargaining agreement, ignore arbitration awards and waste taxpayers’ money by engaging in baseless legal battles.”

The law firm that represented the Westchester Correction Officers Benevolent Association, Isaacs, Devasia, Castro & Wien LLP, said it was expecting a similar ruling in another case before Justice Walker that also involves 207-c benefits.

“For some reason the Department of Correction likes to think the parties’ collective-bargaining agreement is just a suggestion,” said Cynthia Devasia, a Isaacs, Devasia, Castro & Wien LLP attorney. “Time and time again, however, the courts and arbitrators have held otherwise. These are collectively-bargained rights and they cannot be trampled with.”

The New York Times

THE NEW YORK TIMES – Restaurateurs Voice Anger Over Health Inspections

March 8, 2012

By GLENN COLLINS

It was not as if the New York health department had threatened the city’s 24,000 restaurateurs with posting a scarlet letter — or even a skull and crossbones — in their windows. But dozens of restaurant operators descended on City Hall on Wednesday to vent their ire at the letter-grading system inaugurated 19 months ago by the department to promote food safety.

A crowd of more than 300 people jammed the Council chamber and more than 80 had signed up to testify at a hearing on the city’s grading system.

“Restaurant operators express frustration, anger and confusion with an inspection system that they believe is punitive and shaming,” said Andrew Rigie, executive vice president of the Greater New York City Chapters of the New York State Restaurant Association.

Or, as Dimitri Kafchitsas put it, a food-safety visit from the city often “feels like a criminal raid and not an inspection.” Mr. Kafchitsas, president of Pan Gregorian Enterprises, a trade group of 1,000 restaurants in the five boroughs, said that in the inspection process, “there is a lack of sensitivity.”

The long-anticipated hearing had been scheduled, the Council speaker, Christine C. Quinn, said, to respond to “a wave of complaints” from restaurateurs about the A, B and C grades. Ms. Quinn cited the results of a survey by the Council, an online questionnaire posted on its Web site to seek restaurateurs’ opinions, which drew more than 1,300 completed submissions.
“A majority of restaurateurs that earned an A said that the letter-grading system was poor,” Ms. Quinn said of the questionnaires. “This isn’t about getting complaints from those who are getting B’s and C’s.”

She said 68 percent of the A restaurants reported that letter-grading had increased the cost of operating their restaurants.
“We spend all day in court trying to waive the fines,” Herb Wetanson, the owner of the Dallas BBQ restaurant chain. The inspectors, he added, “come into our premises as enemies; it’s wrong.”

But it was, however, Day 2 in the battle of the surveys. On Tuesday, Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg cited the findings of a different survey, from Baruch College at the City University of New York, showing that 91 percent of New Yorkers approve of the restaurant grading system and 88 percent consider letter grades when choosing one.

Dr. Thomas A. Farley, the city’s health commissioner, defended the Bloomberg administration when he testified at the Council hearing. “My job is to protect the health of New Yorkers,” Dr. Farley said, adding that “no restaurant likes to be inspected.”
The department, he said, was “very excited about the success of the program so far,” referring to the letter-grading system. He cited department statistics showing that 72 percent of the city’s restaurants had earned the blue A grade, up from 65 percent a year ago.
Dr. Farley added that salmonella infections, an indicator of food-borne illness, fell 14 percent during the first full year of letter grading, to the city’s lowest level in 20 years.

Ms. Quinn said she was concerned that the inspections had “become a revenue generator for the city at the expense of restaurant owners,” adding that fines had increased 145 percent since fiscal year 2006.

Dr. Farley said of the restaurants that “the worst-performing 20 percent are paying two-thirds of the fines.”

But restaurant operators in the chamber greeted parts of the commissioner’s testimony with jeers, then were rebuked into silence, and some offered their own experiences with inspectors’ visits.

Andreas Koutsoudakis, a lawyer for the Pan Gregorian Enterprises trade group, said members were concerned that inspectors abused their power, issuing punitive violations for minor infractions. One operator got a seven-point deduction, Mr. Koutsoudakis said, “for napkins that were half an inch shorter than the fork and the knife.”

Beyond that, the inspection process “is inconsistent and unfair and at times adversarial,” said Scott Rosenberg, an owner of Sushi Yasuda, a critically acclaimed restaurant in Midtown Manhattan. Restaurateurs “are playing with a stacked deck,” he said, adding, “If you follow one inspector’s admonishment, the next inspector will challenge that.”

And the hearings for challenging grades “often feel like a game of Russian roulette — if you get in the wrong chamber, you lose,” said Kevin O’Donoghue, a lawyer who represents restaurants and bars in the city.

Many council members offered specific suggestion for reforming the current system. Over all, though, said Robert Bookman, a Manhattan lawyer who represents hundreds of restaurants.

Magistrate Judges: A Primer for Young Lawyers

By: Cynthia Devasia, Esq. and Andreas Koutsoudakis, Esq.

Imagine your firm is representing a defendant in a § 1983 civil rights case. At the inception, the district judge assigned to the case seeks the parties’ consent to disposition of the case by a magistrate judge. This often occurs at the first Rule 16 conference before the district judge, so don’t get caught flat footed. As is often the case, the district judge may not disclose the name of the magistrate judge unless asked. Since your firm’s decision as to whether or not to consent may depend greatly on who the magistrate judge is, don’t be shy to ask that question immediately. Once you know who the intended magistrate is, and before you decide whether or not to consent, it is important that you know what a magistrate judge is and what authority she will have in your case.

WHAT IS A MAGISTRATE JUDGE?

Simply put, a magistrate judge is a judge who, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 631 et seq., is authorized to assist the district courts and judges in managing and resolving criminal and civil cases. The office of the magistrate judge was first created by the Federal Magistrates Act of 1968. With that legislation, Congress sought to improve the judiciary’s efficiency and assist federal district court judges facing overflowing dockets. The new magistrate judge system replaced the old commissioners system which had developed under the Judiciary Act of 1789 and operated within the federal courts for nearly 175 years. Since 1968, Congress has clarified and expanded the role of the magistrate judge through a number of other legislative enactments.

Today, magistrate judges conduct preliminary proceedings in both criminal and civil cases, conduct certain trials and perform any other duties delegated to them by the district judge as long as they are not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the United States. 28 U.S.C. § 636. In 2010, magistrate judges disposed of 1,027,191 matters. These matters included preliminary criminal proceedings such as search warrants, arrest warrants and summonses, evidentiary hearings, pretrial conferences, probation/supervised release hearings, and guilty plea proceedings. Civil proceedings conducted by magistrates included deciding dispositive and non-dispositive motions, fact finding for preliminary injunction motions, pretrial conferences, settlement conferences, mediations, evidentiary hearings, social security appeals, and special masterships. Trials conducted by magistrates included civil consent trials and misdemeanor/petty offense cases. Magistrate judges were also involved in prisoner litigation matters such as state and federal habeas corpus cases, civil rights cases, and evidentiary hearings.

There are currently 571 magistrate judge positions in the federal district courts with 527 fulltime positions, 41 part-time positions and 3 combined positions. The number of magistrate judgeships is determined by the Judicial Conference. Unlike district judges, magistrates are not appointed by the President and approved by the Senate; they are appointed by the respective district court judges based on recommendations from merit selection panels made in accordance with statutory guidelines and standards established by the Judicial Conference of the United States. Prospective candidates are subject to a rigorous screening process which includes background checks and interviews. Magistrate judges do not enjoy lifetime appointment. Full time magistrates serve eight-year terms that are renewable by vote of the federal district judges, with part-time magistrates serving four-year terms. There is also an age limit for service: 70 years of age with certain exceptions. A magistrate judge may be removed during her term by the district judges for “incompetency, misconduct, neglect of duty, or physical or mental disability”. 28 U.S.C. § 631(i). The Judicial Conference may also extinguish a position if it is deemed no longer necessary.

Since your district judge asked you whether or not to consent to the magistrate judge, you get to “opt-in” to the magistrate’s authority. You should be aware that some districts automatically assign cases directly to the magistrate judge and it will be up to the parties to decline consent. Parties may consent to the magistrate for all purposes including trial. A judgment issued in a case in which the magistrate is given full consent may be appealed the same way in which a judgment issued by a district judge is appealed. Absent consent, matters that are referred to the magistrate for Reports and Recommendations are reviewed and decided by the district judge.

HOW ARE MAGISTRATE JUDGE’S DECISIONS REVIEWED?

Non-dispositive Matters

Assume you or your adversary declined to provide full consent to the magistrate judge and the district judge still refers all non-dispositive pretrial discovery matters to the magistrate judge. After confirming a discovery plan with the magistrate judge and engaging in some discovery, you file a motion for a protective order seeking to prevent the plaintiff from obtaining certain information. The magistrate denies your motion. Now what?
Since the case is before the magistrate without the consent of all parties, and the motion you filed is a non-dispositive one – i.e., it does not involve a disposition of a claim or defense of a party – the ruling/order, while effective when it is made, is appealable to the district judge. Given the sensitivity of the information sought to be protected, you decide to do so. Accordingly, you file and serve a brief outlining your objections (along with a copy of the order) within 14 days of the date the magistrate’s order was issued. Your adversary has 14 days to respond to your objections.

Because the Federal Magistrate Judge Act (28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(A)) authorizes magistrate judges to issue orders resolving certain pre-trial matters without the parties’ consent, the district judge will set aside the magistrate’s order denying your motion only if it is “clearly erroneous or is contrary to law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(a). A finding is “clearly erroneous” when, after considering all of the evidence, the district judge is convinced the magistrate judge made a mistake in her ruling. A finding is contrary to law if the district judge concludes the magistrate judge misinterpreted or misapplied the law. This standard of review is significantly high, and provides great deference to the magistrate’s ruling. As such, litigants should be aware that the chance of success is often low in such cases.
Dispositive Matters

After unsuccessfully appealing the magistrate’s order, you are forced to provide your adversary the information you sought to protect. The information was so helpful to her case that she decides to file a motion for summary judgment on three of the five causes of action against your client. Since a summary judgment motion involves disposition of a claim – here, three claims – it is considered a dispositive matter; the magistrate does not have statutory authority to issue a final order. Because the parties declined to consent to the grant of such authority in this case, the magistrate is left with only the authority to provide a Report & Recommendation (“R & R”) for the district judge’s consideration when ruling on
the motion.

This time, unlike the protective order motion, the magistrate judge’s R & R is favorable to your client since it recommends the district judge deny plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment. While you would like the same deferential standard that applies to nondispositive motions to apply here, the district judge’s review is based on a de novo standard. Because of this, your adversary naturally files and serves her objections to the magistrate’s R & R. As with appeals of non-dispositive orders, the time limit to do so is 14 days from the issuance of the R & R and you have an additional 14 days to respond.

A de novo review gives the party objecting to the R & R a second opportunity to address the unfavorable aspects of her arguments, and requires the district judge to make her own determination after reviewing the facts and the law – as opposed to affirming or reversing the magistrate’s order on a non-dispositive matter only when it is “clearly erroneous”. Even though the R & R is not binding, the magistrate’s R & R still has a significant impact on the district judge’s decision. Specifically, the R & R provides a recommended ruling on the motion supported by a thorough analysis of the evidence, the applicable law and the parties’ arguments. Often times, the magistrate is one who regularly handles specific types of cases, and may, therefore, be more current on the applicable law than the district judge. Accordingly, the magistrate’s R & R has significant credibility with the district judge.

In addition to knowing what a magistrate judge is, what her authority is and how binding her rulings are, there are certain other considerations to keep in mind when deciding specifically whether you should consent to the magistrate judge’s jurisdiction in whole or in part. A good discussion of those considerations can be found in Should you Consent to the Magistrate Judge? Absolutely, and Here’s Why, 37 LITIGATION 2 (Winter 2011).

Now that you have an understanding of the magistrate judge’s purpose, role, and authority in federal court matters, you can make an informed decision the next time you are faced with this issue.

Cynthia Devasia and Andreas Koutsoudakis are litigation attorneys at Isaacs, Devasia, Castro & Wien LLP, a full service law firm located in New York City. They can be reached at cdevasia@idcwlaw.com and andreask@idcwlaw.com

THE CHIEF – Arbitrator Orders More Heat for COs at Court

Baby, It’s Cold Inside
Monday, September 26, 2011

By MARK TOOR

The Correction Officers Benevolent Association argued that for years the Department of Correction has been giving the cold shoulder to officers’ complaints about winter temperatures as low as 27 degrees inside the Intake Center in the Bronx Hall of Justice.

Arbitrator Haydeé Rosario gave the city until Oct. 15 to install four additional heating units in the area, something the DOC and the Department of Citywide Administrative Services had already been working on. In her opinion, dated Sept 2, Ms. Rosario retained jurisdiction in case the work was not completed on time.

No Heat, No Work

If the city misses the deadline, said the union’s attorney, Mercedes Maldonado of Koehler & Isaacs, Ms. Rosario could agree to the union’s request that she put the area in the deep freeze by forbidding the city from assigning COs to work there. “That would essentially shut the building down,” she said “…That threat is still hanging over the city’s head.”

City officials say they expect to meet the deadline.

“This was the most difficult, easiest case I ever had,” Ms. Maldonado said in an interview. A department directive issued in 1995 clearly set the temperature range for the work area, she said, but “the Correction Department fought tooth and nail every step of the way.”

“This decision reflects our continued success in fighting to ensure that those who patrol the toughest precincts in New York are not treated like animals by the Department of Correction,” COBA President Norman Seabrook said in a statement. “Under my direction, COBA Sergeant-At-Arms Benny Boscio spearheaded this grievance relentlessly for over a year until a favorable decision by the court was attained.”

A Chronic Problem

Since the building opened in 2008, COs working in the Intake Center and an adjoining area called Register 22 have experienced unusually low temperatures in cold weather. The law firm said the design of the building did not take into account the cold air let in by the sally-port doors, which provide an entrance to the intake area, when inmates arrive by bus to appear in court. The inmates are logged in at the Intake Center, then searched at Register 22 before being taken to cells.

“As soon as COBA was made aware of the issue, we addressed it at labor-management meetings,” said a union spokesman, Michael Skelly. “We learned that the city was in litigation with the architects over many design flaws with the building.”

After the meetings failed to achieve progress, the union filed a grievance in June 2010. “Sadly, the Office of Labor Relations thought that the affected members could always transfer out,” Mr. Skelly said in an e-mail. “I guess they thought that since Bronx Hall of Justice is a preferred command because it is not on Rikers Island, the officers should not complain. They were wrong! COBA complained and won.”

DOC officials asked CO Osvaldo Betancourt to record the temperature at the affected areas. Mr. Betancourt reported that throughout the month of December 2010, the average reading was in the 40s in the sally ports, in the low- to mid-50s in the Intake Center and in the low 60s at Register 22.

On Dec. 27, the sally ports dipped to 22 degrees, the Intake Center to 27 degrees and Register 22 to 57 degrees. On Jan. 31, 2011, the readings were 39 degrees, 45 degrees and 63 degrees respectively. On Feb. 1, 2011, the temperatures were 32 degrees, 39 degrees and 66 degrees respectively.

The union pointed to DOC Directive 3900, which says that in its facilities “a temperature of at least 65 degrees F shall be maintained when the outside temperature falls below 50 degrees F during the usual working hours of occupants.” The exceptions are buildings in which educational, nutritional, geriatric, social, mental-health, health-care or similar services are provided. Buildings in which inmates are transferred are not exempted from the rule.

DOC: Use Different Standard

DOC Assistant Commissioner Frank Eilam, an architect, argued that the arbitrator should be governed not by Directive 3900 but by the city Building Code. The Intake Center corridor should be classified as a garage, he said, for which there is no minimum temperature. He said that regardless of Directive 3900, DOC had never meant for every square foot of its facilities to be above 65 degrees, but only those areas where staff are assigned to desk work.

On a more-practical note, he said DOC had tried to install portable electric heaters, which tripped circuit-breakers because the building’s electrical panels were all used to full capacity. At a hearing, he said an additional electrical panel had already been installed and he expected additional heaters to be in place by Oct. 15.

The Bronx Hall of Justice is maintained by the Department of Citywide Administrative Services, Sharman Stein, a spokeswoman for DOC, said in a statement. “DCAS increased the electrical capacity in the intake area of the courthouse to accommodate four additional heating units, which are now being installed by a contractor,” she said. “The work was commenced well before the arbitrator issued the ruling and will be completed by Oct. 15.”

“It’s been a long time coming, but it looks like it’s finally on track,” Ms. Maldonado said.

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